Waɗannan abubuwan ban mamaki sun jawo hankalin editocin C&EN a wannan shekarar
by Krystal Vasquez
SIRRIN PEPTO-BISMOL
Daraja: Nat. Commun.
Tsarin Bismuth subsalicylate (Bi = ruwan hoda; O = ja; C = launin toka)
A wannan shekarar, ƙungiyar masu bincike daga Jami'ar Stockholm ta gano wani sirri na ƙarni: tsarin bismuth subsalicylate, sinadari mai aiki a cikin Pepto-Bismol (Nat. Commun. 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29566-0). Ta amfani da diffraction na electron, masu binciken sun gano cewa mahaɗin an shirya shi a cikin yadudduka masu kama da sanda. A tsakiyar kowace sanda, anions na oxygen suna canzawa tsakanin haɗa cations na bismuth guda uku zuwa huɗu. A halin yanzu, anions na salicylate suna daidaitawa zuwa bismuth ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin carboxylic ko phenolic. Ta amfani da dabarun microscopy na electron, masu binciken sun kuma gano bambance-bambance a cikin tarin yadudduka. Sun yi imanin cewa wannan tsari mara tsari na iya bayyana dalilin da yasa tsarin bismuth subsalicylate ya sami nasarar guje wa masana kimiyya na dogon lokaci.
Hoto: Daga Roozbeh Jafari
Na'urori masu auna karfin jini na Graphene da aka manne a hannun hannu na iya samar da ma'aunin hawan jini akai-akai.
JATAN MATSI NA JINI
Tsawon shekaru sama da 100, lura da hawan jininka yana nufin a matse hannunka da abin hura iska. Duk da haka, wani koma-baya na wannan hanyar shine cewa kowace ma'auni tana wakiltar ƙaramin hoto ne kawai na lafiyar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini na mutum. Amma a cikin 2022, masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙiri "tattoo" na graphene na ɗan lokaci wanda zai iya ci gaba da sa ido kan hawan jini na tsawon awanni da yawa a lokaci guda (Nat. Nanotechnol. 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01145-w). Tsarin firikwensin da ke tushen carbon yana aiki ta hanyar aika ƙananan kwararar wutar lantarki zuwa ga hannun mai sawa da kuma sa ido kan yadda ƙarfin lantarki ke canzawa yayin da wutar lantarki ke motsawa ta cikin kyallen jikin. Wannan ƙimar tana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin ƙarar jini, wanda algorithm na kwamfuta zai iya fassara zuwa ma'aunin hawan jini na systolic da diastolic. A cewar ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken, Roozbeh Jafari na Jami'ar Texas A&M, na'urar za ta ba wa likitoci hanya mara ɓoye don sa ido kan lafiyar zuciyar majiyyaci na tsawon lokaci. Hakanan zai iya taimaka wa kwararrun likitoci wajen tantance abubuwan da ke shafar hawan jini—kamar ziyarar likita mai wahala.
MASU KYAU DA ƊAN ADAM SUKA HAƊA
Credit: Mikal Schlosser/TU Denmark
Masu aikin sa kai huɗu sun zauna a wani ɗaki da ke da tsarin kula da yanayi domin masu bincike su iya yin nazarin yadda mutane ke shafar ingancin iska a cikin gida.
Masana kimiyya sun san cewa kayayyakin tsaftacewa, fenti, da kuma masu sabunta iska duk suna shafar ingancin iskar cikin gida. Masu bincike sun gano a wannan shekarar cewa mutane ma za su iya. Ta hanyar sanya masu sa kai guda huɗu a cikin wani ɗaki mai kula da yanayi, wata ƙungiya ta gano cewa mai na halitta a fatar mutane na iya yin tasiri da ozone a cikin iska don samar da radicals hydroxyl (OH) (Science 2022, DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0340). Da zarar an samar da su, waɗannan radicals masu amsawa sosai na iya yin oxidizing mahadi a iska kuma su samar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa. Man fata da ke shiga cikin waɗannan halayen shine squalene, wanda ke yin tasiri da ozone don samar da 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO). Sannan Ozone yana yin tasiri da 6-MHO don samar da OH. Masu binciken suna shirin ginawa akan wannan aikin ta hanyar bincika yadda matakan waɗannan radicals hydroxyl da ɗan adam ya samar za su iya bambanta a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na muhalli. A halin yanzu, suna fatan waɗannan binciken za su sa masana kimiyya su sake tunani game da yadda suke tantance sinadarai na cikin gida, tunda ba a saba ganin mutane a matsayin tushen hayaki ba.
KIMIYYA MAI KYAU DA KWANO
Domin yin nazarin sinadarai da ke lalata kwaɗi don kare kansu, masu bincike suna buƙatar ɗaukar samfuran fata daga dabbobin. Amma dabarun ɗaukar samfura da ake da su galibi suna cutar da waɗannan dabbobin ruwa masu laushi ko ma suna buƙatar euthanasia. A shekarar 2022, masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙiri wata hanya mafi tausayi don ɗaukar kwaɗin ta amfani da wata na'ura mai suna MasSpec Pen, wacce ke amfani da samfurin kamar alkalami don ɗaukar alkaloids da ke bayan dabbobin (ACS Meas. Sci. Au 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00035). Livia Eberlin, ƙwararriyar masaniyar kimiyyar sinadarai a Jami'ar Texas da ke Austin ce ta ƙirƙiri na'urar. Da farko an yi nufin ta taimaka wa likitocin tiyata su bambance tsakanin kyallen lafiya da na ciwon daji a jikin ɗan adam, amma Eberlin ta fahimci cewa ana iya amfani da kayan aikin don nazarin kwaɗi bayan ta haɗu da Lauren O'Connell, ƙwararriyar masaniyar halittu a Jami'ar Stanford wacce ke nazarin yadda kwaɗi ke narkewa da kuma ɓoye alkaloids.
Daraja: Livia Eberlin
Alkalami mai auna zafin jiki zai iya ɗaukar samfurin fatar kwaɗi masu guba ba tare da cutar da dabbobin ba.
Credit: Kimiyya/Zhenan Bao
Na'urar lantarki mai shimfiɗawa da sarrafawa za ta iya auna aikin lantarki na tsokoki na dorinar ruwa.
ELECTRODES SUNA DA DOCTOPUS
Tsarin bioelectronics na iya zama darasi a cikin sulhu. Polymers masu sassauƙa sau da yawa suna yin tauri yayin da halayen wutar lantarkinsu ke inganta. Amma ƙungiyar masu bincike ƙarƙashin jagorancin Zhenan Bao na Jami'ar Stanford sun fito da wani lantarki wanda yake da shimfiɗawa da kuma mai da wutar lantarki, wanda ya haɗu da mafi kyawun duniyoyi biyu. Babban abin da ke hana wutar lantarki shine sassan da ke haɗa shi - kowane sashe an inganta shi don ya zama mai da wutar lantarki ko kuma mai sauƙin sarrafawa don kada ya yi karo da halayen ɗayan. Don nuna iyawarsa, Bao ya yi amfani da lantarki don ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin tushen kwakwalwa na beraye da kuma auna aikin lantarki na tsokoki na dorinar ruwa. Ta nuna sakamakon gwaje-gwajen biyu a taron American Chemical Society na kaka na 2022.
Itacen da ke hana harsashi
Daraja: ACS Nano
Wannan sulken katako zai iya tunkarar harsasai ba tare da wata illa ba.
A wannan shekarar, wata ƙungiyar masu bincike karkashin jagorancin Huiqiao Li na Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Huazhong sun ƙirƙiri wani sulke na katako mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya katse harbin harsashi daga bindiga mai girman 9 mm (ACS Nano 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10725). Ƙarfin itacen ya fito ne daga zanen lignocellulose da polymer siloxane mai haɗin giciye. Lignocellulose yana tsayayya da karyewa saboda haɗin hydrogen na biyu, wanda zai iya sake samuwa idan ya karye. A halin yanzu, polymer mai sassauƙa yana ƙaruwa idan aka buge shi. Don ƙirƙirar kayan, Li ya sami wahayi daga pirarucu, wani kifi na Kudancin Amurka mai fata mai ƙarfi don jure haƙoran piranha masu kaifi. Saboda sulken katako ya fi sauran kayan da ke jure tasiri, kamar ƙarfe, masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa itacen na iya samun aikace-aikacen soja da na jirgin sama.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-19-2022