Wadannan binciken masu ban mamaki sun dauki hankalin masu gyara C&EN a wannan shekara
da Krystal Vasquez
SIRRIN PEPTO-BSMOL
Credit: Nat.Jama'a.
Tsarin Bismuth subsalicylate (Bi = ruwan hoda; O = ja; C = launin toka)
A wannan shekara, ƙungiyar masu bincike daga Jami'ar Stockholm sun fashe wani asiri na ƙarni: tsarin bismuth subsalicylate, kayan aiki mai aiki a cikin Pepto-Bismol (Nat. Commun. 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29566-0).Ta hanyar amfani da na'urar lantarki, masu binciken sun gano cewa an shirya mahallin a cikin yadudduka masu kama da sanda.Tare da tsakiyar kowace sanda, iskar oxygen anions suna musanya tsakanin haɗa nau'ikan bismuth uku da huɗu.Salicylate anions, a halin yanzu, suna daidaitawa zuwa bismuth ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin carboxylic ko phenolic.Yin amfani da fasahar microscope na lantarki, masu binciken sun kuma gano bambance-bambance a cikin tari.Sun yi imanin wannan tsarin rashin daidaituwa zai iya bayyana dalilin da yasa tsarin bismuth subsalicylate ya yi nasarar guje wa masana kimiyya na dogon lokaci.
Kiredit: Ladabi na Roozbeh Jafari
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin graphene da ke manne da hannun gaba na iya samar da ci gaba da ma'aunin hawan jini.
KUNGIYAR HAWAN JINI
Sama da shekaru 100, saka idanu akan hawan jini yana nufin a matse hannunka da abin da zai iya busawa.Ɗaya daga cikin ɓarna na wannan hanya, duk da haka, shine kowane ma'auni yana wakiltar ɗan ƙaramin hoto ne kawai na lafiyar zuciya na mutum.Amma a cikin 2022, masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙiri "tattoo" na wucin gadi na wucin gadi wanda zai iya ci gaba da lura da hawan jini na sa'o'i da yawa a lokaci guda (Nat. Nanotechnol. 2022, DOI: 10.1038 / s41565-022-01145-w).Tsarin firikwensin carbon-based array yana aiki ta hanyar aika ƙananan igiyoyin lantarki zuwa ga hannun mai sawa da kuma lura da yadda wutar lantarki ke canzawa yayin da na yanzu ke motsawa ta cikin kyallen jikin jiki.Wannan ƙimar tana da alaƙa da canje-canjen ƙarar jini, wanda algorithm na kwamfuta zai iya fassara zuwa ma'aunin hawan jini na systolic da diastolic.A cewar daya daga cikin mawallafin binciken, Roozbeh Jafari na Jami'ar Texas A&M, na'urar za ta baiwa likitocin wata hanya mara dadi don lura da lafiyar zuciyar majiyyaci na tsawon lokaci.Hakanan zai iya taimakawa ƙwararrun likitocin su tace abubuwan ban mamaki waɗanda ke tasiri hawan jini-kamar ziyarar mai damuwa ga likita.
RADICAS DAN ADAM
Credit: Mikal Schlosser/TU Denmark
Masu ba da agaji huɗu sun zauna a ɗakin da ake sarrafa yanayi don masu bincike su yi nazarin yadda mutane ke shafar ingancin iska na cikin gida.
Masana kimiyya sun san cewa kayan tsaftacewa, fenti, da fresheners na iska duk suna shafar ingancin iska na cikin gida.Masu bincike sun gano a wannan shekara cewa mutane ma za su iya.Ta hanyar sanya masu aikin sa kai guda huɗu a cikin ɗakin da ake sarrafa sauyin yanayi, ƙungiyar ta gano cewa mai na halitta akan fata na mutane na iya amsawa da ozone a cikin iska don samar da radicals na hydroxyl (OH) (Kimiyya 2022, DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0340).Da zarar an kafa su, waɗannan tsattsauran ra'ayi masu saurin amsawa suna iya yin oxidize mahaɗan iska kuma su samar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu illa.Man fata da ke shiga cikin waɗannan halayen shine squalene, wanda ke amsawa tare da ozone don samar da 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO).Ozone sannan yayi amsa tare da 6-MHO don samar da OH.Masu binciken sunyi shirin ginawa akan wannan aikin ta hanyar bincikar yadda matakan waɗannan radicals na hydroxyl na mutum zai iya bambanta a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.A halin da ake ciki, suna fatan waɗannan binciken za su sa masana kimiyya su sake tunani game da yadda suke tantance sinadarai na cikin gida, tun da ba a yawan ganin mutane a matsayin tushen hayaƙi.
KIMIYYAR FROG-AMINCI
Don yin nazarin sinadarai masu guba da kwadi ke fitarwa don kare kansu, masu bincike suna buƙatar ɗaukar samfurin fata daga dabbobin.Amma fasahohin samfurin da ke akwai sukan cutar da waɗannan ƙananan amfibian ko ma suna buƙatar euthanasia.A cikin 2022, masana kimiyya sun ɓullo da hanyar ɗan adam don yin samfurin kwadi ta hanyar amfani da na'urar da ake kira MasSpec Pen, wanda ke amfani da samfurin kamar alƙalami don ɗaukar alkaloids da ke bayan dabbobi (ACS Meas. Sci. Au 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00035).Livia Eberlin, wata kwararriya ce ta kemikal a Jami'ar Texas a Austin ce ta kirkira na'urar.Tun asali ana nufin taimakawa likitocin fiɗa su bambanta tsakanin lafiyayyen kyallen jikin mutum da masu cutar kansa, amma Eberlin ta gane cewa za a iya amfani da kayan aikin don nazarin kwadi bayan ta sadu da Lauren O'Connell, masanin ilimin halitta a Jami'ar Stanford wanda ke nazarin yadda kwadi ke daidaitawa da kuma daidaita alkaloids. .
Credit: Livia Eberlin
Alƙalami mai ɗaukar nauyi na iya yin samfurin fatar kwadi mai guba ba tare da cutar da dabbobi ba.
Credit: Kimiyya/Zhenan Bao
Mai shimfiɗa, lantarki mai ɗaurewa zai iya auna aikin lantarki na tsokoki na dorinar ruwa.
ELECTRODES DACE DON KWANA
Zayyana bioelectronics na iya zama darasi a cikin sasantawa.Polymers masu sassauƙa sau da yawa suna zama masu ƙarfi yayin da kayan lantarkinsu suka inganta.Sai dai wata tawagar masu bincike karkashin jagorancin Zhenan Bao na jami'ar Stanford ta fito da wata na'urar lantarki mai mikewa da kuma tafiyar da ita, ta hada mafi kyawun halittun biyu.The pièce de résistance na lantarki shi ne sassan da ke haɗa juna-kowane sashe an inganta shi don ya zama mai sarrafawa ko malleable don kada ya fuskanci kaddarorin ɗayan.Don nuna iyawar sa, Bao ya yi amfani da na'urar lantarki don tada jijiyoyi a cikin tushen kwakwalwar beraye da auna aikin lantarki na tsokar dorinar ruwa.Ta nuna sakamakon gwaje-gwajen biyu a taron faɗuwar 2022 na American Chemical Society.
BULLETPROOF WOOD
Credit: ACS Nano
Wannan sulke na katako na iya korar harsashi tare da ƙarancin lalacewa.
A wannan shekara, ƙungiyar masu bincike karkashin jagorancin Huazhong Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Huiqiao Li ta ƙirƙira wani sulke na itace mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya jujjuya harsashi daga revolver 9 mm (ACS Nano 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10725).Ƙarfin itacen yana fitowa ne daga madaidaicin zanen gadon lignocellulose da siloxane polymer mai haɗin giciye.Lignocellulose yana tsayayya da karyewa godiya ga haɗin gwiwar hydrogen na biyu, wanda zai iya sake fasalin lokacin da ya karye.A halin yanzu, polymer mai jujjuyawa yana zama mai ƙarfi lokacin da aka buga shi.Don ƙirƙirar kayan, Li ya zana wahayi daga pirarucu, kifin Kudancin Amurka mai taurin fata don jure wa haƙoran reza na piranha.Saboda sulke na katako ya fi sauƙi fiye da sauran kayan da ke da tasiri, irin su karfe, masu bincike sun yi imanin itacen zai iya samun aikin soja da na jiragen sama.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-19-2022