A watan Agusta, masana kimiyyar sinadarai sun sanar da cewa za su iya yin abin da ya daɗe yana kama da ba zai yiwu ba: su wargaza wasu daga cikin gurɓatattun abubuwa masu ɗorewa a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai sauƙi. Abubuwan Per- da polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS), waɗanda galibi ake kira sinadarai na har abada, suna taruwa a cikin muhalli da jikinmu a cikin wani yanayi mai ban tsoro. Dorewarsu, wanda aka samo asali daga haɗin carbon-fluorine mai wahalar karyewa, yana sa PFAS ta zama mai amfani musamman a matsayin rufin hana ruwa da kuma kumfa mai kashe gobara, amma yana nufin cewa sinadaran sun daɗe tsawon ƙarni. Wasu membobin wannan babban rukuni na mahadi an san su da guba.
Tawagar, karkashin jagorancin masanin kimiyyar sinadarai na Jami'ar Northwestern William Dichtel da kuma ɗalibin digiri na biyu Brittany Trang, sun gano rauni a cikin perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid da kuma sinadarin GenX, wanda wani ɓangare ne na wani nau'in PFAS. Dumama mahaɗan a cikin wani sinadari mai narkewa yana cire ƙungiyar carboxylic acid ta sinadarai; ƙara sodium hydroxide yana yin sauran aikin, yana barin ions na fluoride da ƙwayoyin halitta marasa lahani. Wannan karya haɗin C-F mai ƙarfi sosai za a iya cimma shi a zafin jiki kawai na 120 °C (Science 2022, DOI: 10.1126/science.abm8868). Masana kimiyya suna fatan gwada hanyar da sauran nau'ikan PFAS.
Kafin wannan aikin, mafi kyawun dabarun gyara PFAS shine ko dai a datse mahaɗan ko a wargaza su a yanayin zafi mai tsanani ta amfani da makamashi mai yawa - wanda ƙila ba zai yi tasiri sosai ba, in ji Jennifer Faust, wata masaniyar sinadarai a Kwalejin Wooster. "Shi ya sa wannan tsarin ƙarancin zafin jiki yake da matuƙar kyau," in ji ta.
Wannan sabuwar hanyar rarrabawa ta samu karbuwa musamman a cikin mahallin wasu binciken da aka gudanar a shekarar 2022 game da PFAS. A watan Agusta, masu bincike na Jami'ar Stockholm karkashin jagorancin Ian Cousins sun ba da rahoton cewa ruwan sama a duk duniya yana dauke da sinadarin perfluorooctanoic (PFOA) wanda ya zarce matakin shawarar Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka game da wannan sinadarin a cikin ruwan sha (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02765). Binciken ya gano yawan sauran PFAS a cikin ruwan sama suma.
"PFOA da PFOS [perfluorooctanesulfonic acid] sun daina samarwa tsawon shekaru da dama, don haka ya nuna yadda suke dawwama," in ji Faust. "Ban yi tsammanin za a sami haka da yawa ba." Ta ce aikin Cousins, "ainihin shine ƙarshen kankara." Faust ta gano sabbin nau'ikan PFAS - waɗanda EPA ba ta kulawa akai-akai - a cikin ruwan sama na Amurka a mafi yawan taro fiye da waɗannan mahaɗan gado (Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d2em00349j).
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-19-2022