Hanyoyi 3 masu ban sha'awa da masana kimiyyar sinadarai suka gina mahadi a wannan shekarar
by Bethany Halford
AN GINA BIARYL BENDS NA ENZYMES
Tsarin da ke nuna haɗin biaryl mai enzyme.
Masana kimiyyar sinadarai suna amfani da ƙwayoyin biaryl, waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin aryl da aka haɗa da juna ta hanyar haɗin kai ɗaya, kamar ligands na chiral, tubalan ginin kayan aiki, da magunguna. Amma yin motif ɗin biaryl tare da halayen da aka haɗa da ƙarfe, kamar Suzuki da Negishi haɗin gwiwa, yawanci yana buƙatar matakai da yawa na roba don yin haɗin gwiwa. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan halayen da aka haɗa da ƙarfe suna raguwa yayin yin biaryls masu girma. Wahayi zuwa ga ikon enzymes na haɓaka halayen, wata ƙungiya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Alison RH Narayan na Jami'ar Michigan ta yi amfani da juyin halitta kai tsaye don ƙirƙirar enzyme na cytochrome P450 wanda ke gina ƙwayar biaryl ta hanyar haɗin oxidative na haɗin carbon-hydrogen mai ƙanshi. Enzyme ɗin yana haɗa ƙwayoyin aromatic don ƙirƙirar stereoisomer guda ɗaya a kusa da haɗin gwiwa tare da juyawa mai hana (wanda aka nuna). Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa wannan hanyar biocatalytic za ta iya zama wani canji na burodi da man shanu don yin haɗin biaryl (Nature 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04365-7).
GIRKE-GIRKE NA AMINE NA BIYU DA AKA DOGARA DA GISHIRI ƊAYA
Tsarin yana nuna wani martani wanda ke yin amines na uku daga na sakandare.
Haɗa sinadarin ƙarfe mai kiba da sinadarin amine mai arzikin electron yawanci yana kashe sinadarin, don haka ba za a iya amfani da sinadarin ƙarfe don gina sinadarin amine na uku daga sinadarin amine na biyu ba. M. Christina White da abokan aikinta a Jami'ar Illinois Urbana-Champaign sun fahimci cewa za su iya magance wannan matsalar idan suka ƙara ɗan kayan ƙanshi mai gishiri a cikin girke-girken sinadaran da ke haifar da sinadaran. Ta hanyar canza sinadarin amine na biyu zuwa gishirin ammonium, masana kimiyyar sun gano cewa za su iya mayar da waɗannan sinadarai ta hanyar amfani da sinadarin olefins na ƙarshe, wani sinadarin oxidant, da kuma sinadarin palladium sulfoxide don ƙirƙirar nau'ikan amine na uku tare da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na aiki (misali da aka nuna). Masana kimiyyar sun yi amfani da maganin don yin magungunan rage radadi Abilify da Semap da kuma canza magungunan da ke akwai waɗanda ke ɗauke da sinadarin amine na biyu, kamar maganin rage radadi Prozac, zuwa amine na uku, suna nuna yadda masana kimiyyar sinadarai za su iya yin sabbin magunguna daga waɗanda ke akwai (Science 2022, DOI: 10.1126/science.abn8382).
AZAARENES TA YI KWANAKIN KABAR
Tsarin yana nuna quinoline N-oxide wanda aka canza zuwa N-acylindole.
A wannan shekarar, masana kimiyyar sinadarai sun ƙara wani tsari na gyaran ƙwayoyin halitta, wanda shine martanin da ke kawo canje-canje ga ƙwayoyin halitta masu rikitarwa. A cikin misali ɗaya, masu bincike sun ƙirƙiri wani sauyi wanda ke amfani da haske da acid don cire carbon guda ɗaya daga azarenes masu membobi shida a cikin quinoline N-oxides don samar da N-cylindoles tare da zobba masu membobi biyar (misali da aka nuna). Wannan martani, wanda masana kimiyyar sinadarai suka haɓaka a ƙungiyar Mark D. Levin a Jami'ar Chicago, ya dogara ne akan wani martani wanda ya ƙunshi fitilar mercury, wanda ke fitar da raƙuman haske da yawa. Levin da abokan aikinsa sun gano cewa amfani da diode mai fitar da haske wanda ke fitar da haske a 390 nm ya ba su iko mafi kyau kuma ya ba su damar yin amsawa gabaɗaya ga quinoline N-oxides. Sabuwar amsawar tana ba wa masu yin ƙwayoyin halitta hanyar sake fasalin ƙwayoyin halitta masu rikitarwa kuma yana iya taimaka wa masana kimiyyar magunguna da ke neman faɗaɗa ɗakunan karatunsu na masu neman magunguna (Science 2022, DOI: 10.1126/science.abo4282).
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-19-2022